Causes of vomiting
When harmful substances enter the human body, a reflex reaction occurs. To prevent toxins from being absorbed into the blood, vomiting begins - a process of natural cleansing of the stomach, during which the contents are abruptly expelled through the mouth. This is facilitated by the action of the vomiting center located in the medulla oblongata. Excitation occurs in it as a result of irritation of nerve endings to external influences, the receipt of impulses from organs:
- vestibular apparatus;
- kidney;
- liver;
- uterus;
- intestines.
Such cleansing of the body is useful if it does not last long - harmful substances are removed and intoxication stops. A long, ongoing process causes dehydration of the body. It needs to be stopped urgently - the condition is life-threatening, especially in childhood. The causes of vomiting in adults are:
- alcohol poisoning;
- drug overdose;
- bacterial, viral infections of the digestive system;
- problems of the vestibular apparatus;
- pregnancy status;
- exposure to toxic substances.
Urgent hospitalization is necessary when vomiting is caused by acute surgical pathologies: cholecystitis, pancreatitis, intestinal obstruction, appendicitis. The reflex can be triggered by:
- dysfunction of the gastrointestinal tract;
- inflammation in the abdominal cavity;
- diseases of the cardiovascular system - myocardial infarction, hypertension;
- poisoning from poor quality food;
- radiation sickness;
- tumors;
- chemotherapy;
- pathologies of the nervous system - concussion, meningitis, encephalitis;
- psychological reasons - strong emotions, hysteria, fear;
- endocrine diseases.
Often the gag reflex is triggered in children. The reason for this is:
- underdevelopment of the lower esophageal sphincter in infants;
- overfeeding a small child - the food does not have time to be digested;
- heat stroke at high temperatures;
- reaction to allergens;
- exposure to chemicals;
- head injuries;
- poisoning;
- dizziness;
- binge eating;
- taking medications;
- entry of harmful bacteria into the body;
- toxic substances in plants;
- motion sickness in transport;
- seasickness.
How to stop vomiting in a child at home
One-time vomiting should not frighten parents. The baby needs to be calmed down and given water to drink. It is not advisable to stop the process until the separated masses become transparent. Harmful substances that enter the body must leave it so that intoxication does not occur. Dehydration is dangerous to health; there is a risk of choking on vomit. If the process is extensive and takes a long time, to stop it you should:
- if possible, determine the cause;
- call for emergency help;
- In order not to distort the picture of the disease, do not give the baby any medications.
Treatment for vomiting in a child depends on his age and the reasons that caused this situation. A difficult process must be stopped if:
- baby regurgitates food;
- discharge with bile, blood, mucus is observed - urgent participation of specialists is required;
- children refuse to eat;
- pallor of the skin is observed;
- drowsiness or increased activity appears;
- rapid heartbeat occurs;
- the baby screams in pain;
- limbs went cold.
First aid for vomiting in a child caused by poisoning is gastric lavage. Treatment of the baby should be carried out under the supervision of a doctor. To stop the urge you may need to:
- enema to cleanse the intestines;
- restoration of water-salt balance in case of dehydration;
- taking enterosorbents to remove toxins;
- use of drugs to normalize intestinal microflora;
- use of antiemetics as prescribed by a pediatrician.
First aid for vomiting in children under one year old
In infants, the gag reflex occurs when the sphincter is weak, the muscle that is responsible for moving food from the stomach to the esophagus. The problem goes away as the organs develop. Doctors recommend that if the cause of vomiting in newborns is:
- heatstroke - ensure bed rest, give plenty of water to drink, bring down the temperature;
- overfeeding - reduce the amount of food, after feeding, hold the baby upright for up to half an hour, limit activity;
- intestinal infection, which is accompanied by upset stool and fever, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance.
How to help a child over one year old
A big plus of treating older children is that they can talk about their feelings. Before you provide help, you should determine the cause. Parents should not panic - the condition will be passed on to the child. It is necessary to call an ambulance to stop the gag reflex if the problem is:
- occurred after a head injury;
- accompanied by abdominal pain, bloody diarrhea, high fever - signs of an infectious disease.
Medicine for vomiting in children should be prescribed only by a pediatrician in accordance with the cause of the unpleasant urge. There is such an algorithm for providing assistance in case of poisoning with food, drugs, chemicals:
- rinse the stomach with boiled water;
- take activated charcoal to remove toxins;
- to restore fluid balance, give still mineral water, rice water, fruit drinks, dried fruit drinks, a drug from a pharmacy for preparing a solution - Regidron;
- At high temperatures, put antipyretic suppositories.
What to do if vomiting does not stop
Frequent vomiting caused by drug poisoning or acute abdominal pain requires calling an ambulance. Contacting specialists is necessary to stop the process if dangerous symptoms appear. These include:
- temperature rise;
- diarrhea;
- convulsions;
- foul odor of vomit;
- loss of consciousness;
- increased frequency of vomiting;
- blood in stool.
An important point is the color and type of vomit, which signals possible problems. Blood impurities require urgent hospitalization. In medicine, the importance of such signs is noted:
- mucus is a symptom of inflammation of the mucous membranes - exacerbation of gastritis, food poisoning, pathologies of the central nervous system, viral infections, uncontrolled use of medications;
- admixture of scarlet blood - bleeding in the upper part of the stomach, esophagus, oral cavity, poisoning with chemicals.
In order for the doctor to correctly prescribe therapy to stop gagging, it is necessary to draw his attention to the following symptoms of discharge:
- yellow-green color, bitterness in the mouth - signs of the presence of bile - characterize alcohol intoxication, stress, overeating, exacerbation of liver and gall bladder diseases after eating fatty, fried foods;
- coffee, brown tint - bleeding in the lower part of the duodenum, stomach, ulcers, foreign bodies, poisoning with poisonous mushrooms.
Does chamomile help with nausea?
In case of poisoning, chamomile is prescribed by the attending doctor. It can be taken orally as tea and added to enema solutions. Before using chamomile on a child, you should consult your pediatrician. This plant can be used to treat children only after the permission of the treating doctor. On the first day of poisoning, chamomile is practically not used. During this period of illness, doctors recommend drinking alkaline mineral water or oral rehydration medications (for example, Regidron). Starting from the second day, the doctor can include chamomile in the patient’s course of treatment.
- reducing flatulence and intestinal colic. To do this, you can drink chamomile tea or perform cleansing enemas based on chamomile; improving the functioning of the liver and gall bladder. These organs often suffer from poisoning; it is the liver that takes the first blow in food intoxication.
- Chamomile improves the secretion and excretion of bile; stimulation of digestion and motility of the digestive system. Constipation and decreased intestinal motility are problems encountered by almost every patient who has suffered acute food poisoning; reducing inflammation of the gastric mucosa.
- The anti-inflammatory and antiseptic properties of chamomile help prevent the development of gastritis, a common complication of food poisoning; removing toxins from the intestines. Chamomile is considered a natural sorbent. It binds toxins and neutralizes them; eliminating nausea and vomiting after poisoning.
- These symptoms are most often triggered by local inflammation and irritation of the gastric mucosa. Chamomile is quite effective for vomiting. It also helps reduce pain in the pit of the stomach in the epigastric region of the abdomen.
Remember that not all types of chamomile are beneficial for humans. If you ingest chamomile yourself, you risk poisoning. It is also dangerous to buy it secondhand in markets or from grandmothers. You cannot be sure of its quality and composition.
How to stop vomiting in an adult
To cope with the problem yourself, you need to determine the cause of nausea. At home, to stop the vomiting process in an adult, several rules must be followed. The patient should:
- provide bed rest;
- give water in small doses;
- exclude food intake;
- rinse your mouth after each attack;
- wipe your face with cool water;
- If vomiting persists, call a doctor.
There are some differences in providing care to a patient at home, depending on the cause of the gag reflex. To stop painful urges, there is a general first aid algorithm:
- rinse the stomach with plenty of water with the addition of salt, potassium permanganate, a pale pink solution;
- provoke a gag reflex by pressing your finger on the root of the tongue;
- give an enema to cleanse the intestines of toxins;
- in case of severe dehydration, restore the water-salt balance with solutions of Gastrolit, Regidron.
For food poisoning
If the gag reflex is caused by eating low-quality or spoiled products, after providing first aid, other methods are used to stop the process. These include taking medications. Recommended for treatment:
- drinking plenty of water;
- sorbents for removing toxins from the intestines - Polysorb;
- enzymes to restore the digestion process - Festal, Mezim;
- antispasmodics that relieve pain and spasms - Papaverine, No-shpa;
- in order to restore microflora - Bifidumbacterin;
- normalization of nutrition - a diet with the exclusion of fried, spicy, fatty foods.
Infectious diseases
If nausea and vomiting are caused by an infection, it is necessary to neutralize and remove pathogenic microorganisms from the intestines and stomach. After first aid measures for the patient:
- give drinks - often, but in small portions - mineral water, solutions that restore the water-salt balance - Humana-electrolyte, Glucosalan;
- It is necessary to take enterosorbents - Enterosgel, Microsorb, which remove harmful substances.
Infectious intestinal diseases require contact with specialists to identify the pathogen and prescribe the correct treatment. Doctors prescribe:
- antiemetics – Motilium: Cerucal;
- antibiotics - drugs, course and dosage depend on the causative bacteria and the patient’s condition;
- to stop diarrhea - Furazolidone;
- for pain relief and inflammation – Mexigan.
Drug overdose
Drug poisoning requires emergency treatment. A large number of dangerous chemicals can enter the bloodstream and cause irreversible processes in the body. Until the ambulance arrives, you should do a gastric lavage and give him plenty of fluids to drink. Important points:
- it is necessary to save the packaging of the drug that caused the poisoning so that treatment can be organized quickly and correctly;
- It is unacceptable to perform gastric lavage on elderly people and pregnant women - dehydration is life-threatening.
Poisoning by toxic chemicals
How to stop vomiting caused by poisoning with volatile gases and toxic vapors? It is urgent to call an ambulance. Before her arrival:
- loosen a person's tight clothing;
- provide access to fresh air;
- Be careful not to lose consciousness - there is a danger of choking on vomit;
- organize plenty of drinking;
- give sorbents - Activated carbon, Polysorb.
It is necessary to stop the vomiting process caused by poisoning with liquid chemical compounds with the help of urgently called doctors. Activities depend on the type of substance:
- washing is unacceptable in case of poisoning with alkali or acid that damage the mucous membrane of the esophagus;
- It is recommended to take enveloping agents that reduce pain and reduce the absorption of toxins - Almagel.
Herbs for nausea in case of poisoning
For attacks of nausea that occur as a result of poisoning - food, alcohol, chemical, proven medicinal herbs are used at home as a means of quickly relieving the condition. It should be borne in mind that if the condition worsens, you should immediately call an ambulance.
- Orchis, nightshade, wheatgrass, flax, birch buds
For food poisoning, prepare a herbal mixture from the herb nightshade, birch buds, root tubers of male orchis, rhizomes of wheatgrass and flaxseed. The ingredients are used in dried crushed form in a ratio of 1:2:3:3:3.
Place 3 tbsp in a heat-resistant bowl. l. prepared mixture. Steam with a liter of water brought to a vigorous boil. After cooling and expressing through a strainer, 50 ml of infusion is taken every half hour.
- Horsetail, walnut
In case of mercury intoxication, fresh horsetail herb, combined in identical volumes with green walnuts, is crushed in a blender.
Infuse 1 tbsp in a liter of boiled water. l. paste until cooled. A third of a glass of healing liquid squeezed out through three layers of bandage is drunk every four hours.
- Chicory
Helps eliminate the consequences of nausea after eating low-quality chicory products. In a thermos 1 tbsp. l. dried chicory root powder in a glass of boiled water is kept for 12 hours. After cooling and filtering, 50 ml of infusion is consumed half an hour before meals four times a day.
- Field chamomile
For nausea caused by oversaturation of the body with strong coffee or tobacco smoke, use dried field chamomile.
The ground flowers are placed in a saucepan with a liter of fresh natural cream. With minimal heat, simmer the mixture for an hour.
When warm, one and a half glasses of the expressed elixir are drunk immediately, and the remaining volume is divided into three identical servings, consumed throughout the day.
- Elecampane
Fresh elecampane rhizomes are washed to prevent food intoxication. Dry with a napkin, peel and turn into pulp using a grater or meat grinder.
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Place 2 tbsp in a saucepan with 250 ml of boiled water. l. prepared mass. The mixture is heated in a water bath for 20 minutes. After cooling, the healing liquid fraction is squeezed out using a two-layer bandage. Drink 20 ml every six hours.
What helps against vomiting during pregnancy
During the period of waiting for a child, toxicosis is a common occurrence. The vomiting that accompanies it gives the woman agony. Pregnant women should not take antiemetics at home without a doctor's prescription. Please note:
- vomiting, accompanied by bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen - symptoms of ectopic pregnancy requiring urgent medical attention;
- in the last trimester, urge is a sign of gestosis - a condition dangerous to the health of the child and mother.
You can stop the physiological gag reflex that occurs during toxicosis with a little effort. Gynecologists recommend:
- exclude sweet, fatty, smoked foods, carbonated drinks, coffee from the diet;
- rest more;
- take walks in the fresh air;
- consume B vitamins;
- drink tea with the addition of lemon balm, mint, ginger drink;
- avoid overeating;
- suck ice cubes;
- drink water little by little, in small sips, add lemon to it;
- practice aromatherapy with citrus essential oils.
If the gag reflex occurs frequently, medications can help stop it. Doctors prescribe for the treatment of pregnant women under their supervision:
- homeopathic remedies Bonin, Cocculin - have an antihistamine, calming effect;
- medications that suppress the excitation of the vomiting center - Torekan, Tserukal;
- the drug Hofitol - eliminates heartburn, bloating, heaviness.
Recipes for nausea from herbs for gastritis
When selecting the most effective methods of alternative medicine to help eliminate nausea due to gastritis at home, one turns to herbs with pronounced anti-inflammatory, regenerating, bactericidal, healing, and analgesic medicinal properties.
- Calendula, St. John's wort, plantain, wormwood
Mix equal parts of St. John's wort, calendula inflorescences with plantain and wormwood leaves. Plant materials are taken in dried form.
Place 10 grams of the mixture in a saucepan with 500 ml of boiled water. Cook the product over low heat for a quarter of an hour. The cooled decoction after filtering 25-35 minutes before breakfast, lunch, dinner is taken slightly warmed in a third of a glass.
- Dill
Dried dill seed - 1 tsp. simmer for 10 minutes at low boil in 250 ml of water. It is recommended to drink the decoction, filtered after cooling, before meals (25-35 minutes) 2 tbsp. spoons.
- Three-leaf watch
The dried foliage of the trifoliate is beneficial for gastritis with low acidity, effectively relieving attacks of nausea.
It is necessary to pour 10 grams of raw materials into a glass container with a glass of boiling water. Using a water bath, heat it for a quarter of an hour.
The cooled healing decoction is squeezed out using a gauze piece folded in three. Pour in boiled water, restoring the initial volume of liquid. Drink 70 ml 30-35 minutes before breakfast, lunch, dinner.
- Fennel
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In the morning, immediately after waking up, add a teaspoon of dried fennel seeds into a teapot with 200 ml of boiled water.
Leave under the lid for 10 minutes. Then strain the healing elixir through a fine strainer and drink immediately. You can have breakfast after 15-20 minutes.
- Parsley
At the first signs of nausea, it is recommended to chew fresh, washed parsley leaves. You can finely chop juicy, pre-washed parsley. Transfer a tablespoon of aromatic raw materials into a cup and stir vigorously with 1/2 tsp. honey This portion is prepared and immediately eaten fresh in the morning and evening.
Antiemetics
Special medications - antiemetics - help stop severe vomiting attacks. The drugs differ in their action. It is necessary to take them only as prescribed by a doctor so that the condition does not worsen. There are three groups of antiemetic medications:
- central action - neuroleptics, antihistamines, dopamine and serotonin receptor blockers;
- peripheral influence - local antispasmodics, painkillers;
- mixed action - with a comprehensive solution to the problem.
Medicines help cure vomiting caused by diseases:
- neuroleptics - Triphasin, Aminazine - eliminate the symptoms of drug poisoning, are effective during pregnancy, radiation sickness, and in the period after surgery;
- antihistamines - Diprazine, Diazolin - cope with motion sickness caused by disturbances in the functioning of the vestibular apparatus;
- antiseptics – Enterofuril, Intetrix – destroy bacteria in infectious diseases of the stomach and duodenum.
Medicines selected for the treatment of certain pathologies can stop vomiting:
- migraine, traumatic brain injury - dopamine receptor blockers - Motilium, Zofrom;
- gag reflex during treatment and diagnosis by an ENT doctor - local anesthetic - Lidocaine;
- chemotherapy for oncology – Sertonon, Latran, Haloperidol;
- intestinal infections – Ersefuril;
- for a neurogenic cause of urge - Tenoten, Persen;
- universal medicine - Metoclopramide.
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Central acting anti-vomiting agent
Drugs in this group have an inhibitory effect on the vomiting center, its chemoreceptor trigger zone located in the medulla oblongata. As a result, an impulse is not sent to the muscles that provoke the reflex effect. There are several types of centrally acting agents. These include:
- neuroleptics - Triphasin, Aminazine - used for poisoning, radiation treatment, pregnancy;
- antihistamines - Dimenhydrinate, Diphenhydramine - eliminate vomiting of vestibular origin.
Centrally acting agents include:
- Histamine receptor blockers, with a depressing effect on the central nervous system, accelerating peristalsis and bowel movements - Domperidone, Motilium. Medicines are prescribed for vomiting caused by infections, gastrointestinal dysfunction, and poor diet.
- Seratonite receptor blockers - Tropisetron, Latran - stop vomiting caused by gastric dyspepsia after surgery or chemotherapy.
Peripheral drugs
This antiemetic group of drugs acts at the level of efferent, afferent nerve endings involved in the mechanism of formation of the gag reflex. Peripheral medications include local anesthetics:
- Lidocaine, Benzocaine - used when performing otolaryngological manipulations - operations, treatment, bronchoscopy, anesthesia;
- Anestezin, Novocaine - help with vomiting caused by inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract, provoked by ulcerative processes.
Among the drugs of peripheral action are local antispasmodics. They are used for retching caused by disturbances in evacuation and motor function in acute and chronic inflammation of the gastrointestinal tract and biliary tract. Medicines include:
- Atropine, No-shpa, Papaverine, which have myotropic, anticholinergic properties;
- Bellasthesin is a combination drug that relaxes smooth muscles.
Mixed action
The popular antiemetic drug is effective for symptoms of various etiologies. A mixed-action medicine, Metoclopramide, quickly eliminates painful urges. The drug counteracts hiccups, activates gastrointestinal motility, stops the gag reflex caused by:
- poor quality food;
- traumatic brain injuries;
- pregnancy;
- release of bile;
- kidney pathologies;
- radiation sickness;
- chemotherapy;
- taking antibiotics, anesthesia drugs, cytostatics.
Metoclopramide, a dopamine receptor blocker, is used in the form of injections and tablets. For the drug, according to the instructions, the following are determined:
- dosage – tablet 4 times a day, half an hour before meals, do not chew, wash down with water;
- contraindications – intestinal obstruction, bleeding in the gastrointestinal tract, hypertension, old age, 1st trimester of pregnancy, children under 14 years of age, glaucoma;
- side effects - increased blood pressure, drowsiness, depression, tremors of extremities, diarrhea, anxiety;
- analogues - Cerucal, Clometol, Comportan, Bimaral, Primperan, Plastil.
When not to stop vomiting
The occurrence of nausea is a protective reflex to poisoning by toxins. It is necessary to completely cleanse the body of their harmful effects. The process cannot be stopped until the vomit is freed from harmful substances and becomes transparent. This is important to do in case of food poisoning or alcohol intoxication. The following will help stop the vomiting process:
- mandatory gastric lavage with a large amount of salted water with the addition of potassium permanganate as an antiseptic - at least two liters;
- enema with chamomile decoction to cleanse the intestines.
Since the body loses a lot of fluid, it is necessary to replenish its amount by drinking plenty of fluids. To alleviate the condition you will need:
- Smecta - an enterosorbent - will help bind and remove toxic substances;
- Pancreatin - an enzyme - will restore normal digestion;
- Drotaverine, No-shpa - will relieve spasms, relieve pain;
- solutions of Normagidron, Glucosolan - will restore fluid balance;
- Kaopectate – will stop diarrhea;
- Cerucal, Motilium - drugs to stop gagging.
Folk remedies for children and adults
Products based on natural ingredients will help eliminate the vomiting process at home. You can make infusions and decoctions using herbs and plants. The easiest way is to let the person smell ammonia. If you have problems with the vestibular system, dissolve Validol under your tongue and hold a slice of lemon in your mouth. Folk remedies for vomiting in adults and children:
- a teaspoon of apple cider vinegar per 100 ml of water - drink until the urge disappears;
- decoction of valerian root – 20 g per glass of boiling water – take 10 ml twice a day;
- a spoonful of potato juice - for persistent urges.
The following recipes will help stop a child’s gag reflex:
- beat the yolk and 100 ml of low-fat milk, give a teaspoon every hour;
- steep brew of green tea without additives, with sugar - 5 ml after an attack, 30 ml - after 15 minutes;
- a decoction of lemon balm, mint, chamomile - a spoonful in a glass of boiling water, leave for an hour in a thermos, strain, drink in small sips between urges.
Tea with ginger and a slice of lemon
Ginger root helps to cope with the gag reflex. The plant is consumed by adding to drinks, or chewing a small piece. Tea made according to the following recipe will help stop vomiting:
- base – half a liter of boiling water;
- add 1 spoon of green tea;
- the same amount of chopped ginger;
- put 2 slices of lemon;
- keep covered for 10 minutes;
- strain;
- drink, adding honey, during the morning.
Peppermint tincture
Peppermint helps to quickly stop nausea and vomiting, especially during pregnancy. The plant contains menthol, tannins, bitterness, flavonoids, and essential oil. Mint makes breathing easier and has a refreshing taste and aroma. Half the serving should be drunk immediately; if the condition does not improve, then consume the rest after an hour. To prepare a water tincture you need:
- take a glass of boiling water;
- put 2 tablespoons of dry mint leaves into it;
- leave for 30 minutes;
- strain.
Quince baked in the oven
The fruits of the plant contain organic acids, microelements, large amounts of vitamins, and fiber. All this helps to remove toxins, heavy metal salts, and radioactive substances from the body. It is not recommended to use java if you have a stomach ulcer or enterocolitis - there is a possibility of spasms and intestinal blockage. To stop vomiting, you can drink fruit juice. Traditional healers give a recipe:
- cut the quince;
- remove the seeds from it - they contain poison;
- bake in the oven;
- make puree;
- use little by little to stop the urge.
Decoction of dill or fennel seeds
Seeds of medicinal plants help stop vomiting. Fennel eliminates discomfort due to its effect on the mucous membranes of the gastrointestinal tract; the seeds can be chewed and a decoction can be prepared from them, which is drunk in a glass in the morning on an empty stomach. Dill is no less effective antiemetic. Useful remedies from these plants are prepared according to one recipe. Necessary:
- take a spoonful of seeds;
- pour a glass of boiling water;
- stand for 10 minutes;
- cool;
- strain;
- take with the addition of honey.
Herbs for nausea during pregnancy
Toxicosis occurs during pregnancy more often due to a serious change in the hormonal balance of the body. In such a situation, the gynecologist may recommend the use of folk recipes based on herbal raw materials that save from severe nausea.
- Peppermint
You will need fresh washed mint leaves. They are finely chopped, take 1 teaspoon and leave in a glass of boiling water for 5-8 minutes.
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Strain the pleasant-tasting drink through a strainer. If desired, dissolve a little honey and drink in the morning before breakfast.
- Mint, lemon balm, chamomile
Add mint leaves and lemon balm herb to flower baskets of chamomile in a ratio of 2:3:4. The components are used in dried, ground form.
Pour 1 tbsp into a faience mug. l. vegetable mix, pour in a glass of actively boiling water. After infusion for half an hour, strain the healing infusion through two-layer gauze. Drink 50 ml every six hours.
- Calendula, mint, yarrow, valerian
Prepare a mixture of dried ground plants: valerian roots, calendula inflorescences, yarrow herb, mint leaves, observing the ratio 1:2:2:2.
Pour in 7 tsp. the resulting collection into a ladle with two glasses of boiling water. Leave for two hours under a textile napkin. After filtering, 100 ml of the healing elixir is consumed every six hours.
- Yarrow
During pregnancy in the later stages, it is recommended to pour a tablespoon of ground dry yarrow herb, placed in a saucepan, into 200 ml of boiling water.
Heat the mixture for a quarter of an hour using a water bath. The cooled decoction, squeezed through two layers of gauze, 20 ml is consumed three times a day.